Direct injury to brain tissue can lead to edema formation as intravascular fluid traverses the damaged blood–brain barrier or intracellular ... an increase in serum osmolarity and a net fluid ...

The direction of flow is thus highly labile and can be readily changed by alterations of osmolarity of the luminal contents as will occur during the mixing as the food travels down the intestine.

First-in-human data has demonstrated the feasibility and potential efficacy of targeting the intracellular immune checkpoint CISH in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer. 1,2 ...