Eukaryotic cells use three major processes to transform the energy held in the chemical bonds of food molecules ... in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen. However, the fate of the pyruvate ...

and there are whole groups of organisms that specialize in the energy-intensive processes required to break nitrogen's strong bonds to make it bioavailable, Canfield said. Oxygen's unique utility ...

The atoms bond because there is a strong enough attraction in both directions and room for the electrons in the outer energy level of the atoms. When two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom get close ...

It is where a substance reacts with oxygen ... energy between the top of the hump and the energy of the reactants. The overall change in energy is the difference between the energy of the reactants ...