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The standard deviation formula for a sample is almost the same as the formula for a population, except you subtract N by 1 in the denominator, so it's: σ = √(Σ(xi - μ)² / N-1).
Shareholder Equity Ratio: Definition and Formula for Calculation Total Expense Ratio (TER): Definition and How to Calculate Beneish Model: Definition, Examples, and M-Score Calculation ...