The corridor was built in 1277 by Pope Nicholas III, on top of walls originally put up by Pope Leo IV in 847-851 to protect the Vatican from Saracens who had sailed their warships as far as the ...

Visit the homepage for more information. During his years as pope (1878-1903), Leo XIII wrote many significant encyclicals. His 1891 encyclical, On the Condition of Labor, initiated the Church's ...