As it happened, Native Americans were not far behind in developing their own pipe-smoking habit, although the evidence suggests it was mostly done in conjunction with ceremonies and to seal ...

The European acquisition of tobacco, and European pipe-smoking, symbolise for many Native Americans the expropriation of their homeland. From then on, in Europe and indeed in most of the world ...

PHOTO Stephen Voss A 17th century tobacco pipe bowl reflects Native American design. PHOTO (pipe bowl) James Gibb, (background) Stephen Voss Ten years ago, when Smithsonian Environmental Research ...