The A2 sound is normally much louder than the P2 due to higher pressures in the left side of the heart; thus, A2 radiates to all cardiac listening posts (loudest at the right upper sternal border ...

Heart sounds are produced from a specific cardiac event such as closure of a valve or tensing of a chordae tendineae. Many pathologic cardiac conditions can be diagnosed by auscultation of the ...

THE primary purpose of this report is to emphasize the relation of a high-pitched "squeaking" or "musical" systolic murmur to aortic stenosis and calcification of the aortic valve. This is not so ...