Metformin is a widely used first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, and studies increasingly point to its protective effects on the kidney.

Identifying early predictors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with lupus nephritis may help define a high-risk group.

On average, there are approximately 8 renal pyramids in each kidney. Both the renal pyramids, combined with the adjoining cortical region comprise the kidney lobes.

Objective: We have shown previously that exercise training enhances endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular relaxation in rabbit kidney. This study aimed to investigate protein ...