Example of Hypothesis Testing If a researcher wants to test if a penny is fair, the null hypothesis would state that the probability of landing on heads is exactly 50%. The alternative hypothesis ...

If a hypothesis specifies a certain direction — for example, that people who take a protein supplement will gain more muscle than people who don't — it is called a one-tailed hypothesis ...

Hypothesis testing is used to assess the credibility of a hypothesis by using sample data. Sometimes referred to simply as the “null,” it is represented as H 0.