Italian futurism – as we have seen – is not afraid of nationalism, fascism, imperialism, while the Russian one – as we know – conjured up Bolshevik poetry on the basis of Marinetti’s principles. So ...

Futurism was born in 1909 when poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, who was acquainted with Balla, published a manifesto hailing originality, technology, courage and modernity with a nationalist bent.