Light Emitting Diodes exploit the property of the p-n junction to emit photons when it is forward biased. LEDs are specially made diodes to emit light when a potential is applied to its anode and ...

Schematic Diagram of a P-N Junction Diode: The diagram illustrates the basic structure of a p-n junction diode with p-type silicon on one side, n-type silicon on the other, and the anode and cathode ...

Anoop’s Analysis Using forward-biased LEDs (or diodes) singly or in series as voltage references is not a new idea. The circuit is similar to using a Zener diode for voltage regulation.

In forward mode, approximately 150 µA flows through the diode, causing D4 to be reverse-biased and holding comparator U1’s inverting input low. This turns off the red LED.