In 1924, he published a copious collection of Iqbal’s Urdu verses, under the title Kulliyaat-i-Iqbal, with a 130-page commendatory foreword, from Hyderabad (Deccan), albeit without Iqbal’s permission.

Iqbal understood this. He was not a romantic who merely yearned for a return to the Caliphate. He envisioned a revival rooted in selfhood (khudi), character and relentless striving.